WEFTEC 2026 · New Orleans

The lagoon nutrient problem, in public data.

AlgaFilm Technologies is exhibiting. I am there all three floor days to argue about whether an algae process fits your site.

254 Discovery Zone
Beside the Innovation Pavilion, Hall B1 booth 251
Floor open 28 to 30 September
Mike German, Ph.D., PE
AlgaFilm Technologies · US business development
mgerman@algafilm.com · +1 (443) 924-9795

A small town on a lagoon gets handed an ammonia limit it cannot meet. The lagoon is not broken. It was built for a different permit, decades ago, and it does what it was designed to do.

The town has a few hundred households and no capital budget, and the standard answer is a mechanical plant it will never afford to run. That gap is where most of the lagoon stock in North America sits right now.

What the funding record shows

Nationally, 260 State Revolving Fund projects name a lagoon. Seven of them mention nutrients.

Every square is one SRF-funded project that names a lagoon, across Texas and 38 other states. The seven in amber are every project that mentions ammonia, nitrogen or nutrients at all. Thirty more propose to eliminate the discharge instead, by land application, irrigation, percolation or evaporation.

Source: State Revolving Fund project records, 39 states, classified by what the project proposes to build.

A town that leaves its NPDES permit does not have an ammonia limit to meet. For that town the compliance question is closed, and closed cheaply.

That is a rational answer, and it is chosen more often than treatment is. Worth knowing before assuming a nutrient limit produces a treatment project.

Where the pressure is

594 lagoon facilities name ammonia or nitrogen in their effluent exceedances.

Two thirds of them, 396, sit in the 0.05 to 0.5 MGD band. That is the size where the capital base runs out first.

Shaded states are the four with the most lagoon facilities naming ammonia or nitrogen. Counts below.

65
Iowa
51
Missouri
32
Alabama
26
Nebraska

Source: EPA ECHO effluent exceedance field, vintage September 2021. Treat as leads and re-verify against the current permit. Counts shown for the top four states only.

The public field lies in one direction. EPA's exceedance field carries false negatives. We found a Wyoming lagoon whose state funding record describes ammonia compliance problems in plain language while the federal field lists only E. coli.

And the half nobody screens

Canada has 2,260 lagoons. The federal dataset most screens are built on sees 1,048.

Ground-discharge and seasonal-release lagoons never enter the federal register, because the deposit trigger only applies to discharge into fish-frequented water. Provincial registries confirm it province by province: Saskatchewan lists 567 where the federal set sees 5, Alberta 382 against 9, Ontario 149 against 19.

Sources: Statistics Canada 2020 count; WSER (SOR/2012-139) 2017 dataset; provincial registries verified by download, August 2026.

Why algae changes the ledger

Nitrification spends alkalinity. Assimilation builds biomass.

This is stoichiometry, not a model output, and for a soft-water lagoon it often decides retrofittability before any engineering starts.

7.14 g
CaCO₃ alkalinity consumed per gram of ammonia-nitrogen removed by nitrification, plus 4.57 g of oxygen
3.57 g
CaCO₃ per gram of nitrogen taken into algal biomass, and the process produces oxygen rather than consuming it
Sun + 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + nutrients

algae biomass + 6 O₂

The Algae Forest process, as AlgaFilm publishes it

What AlgaFilm states

One hectare of Algae Forest, per year.

200 t
algae produced
400 t
CO₂ captured
300 t
oxygen produced
16 t
nitrogen recovered
4 t
phosphorus recovered
20,000
people's wastewater treated

The process integrates into treatment infrastructure a town already has. AlgaFilm states it removes and recovers nutrients while reducing capital and operating costs by up to 80%, that it is inherently net-zero, and that the biomass is upcycled into fertilizer, feed and energy feedstocks rather than landfilled.

Read the nitrogen and phosphorus lines again. They come out as product, not as sludge to haul.

Most nutrient removal is a destruction process. You spend energy converting ammonia to nitrogen gas and send it to the sky, then spend again to bury what settles. Recovery inverts the ledger. Whether it pencils depends entirely on the site, and that is the argument I came to have.

Come find me if you are

What I am not doing this week is selling anything to anyone who does not have the problem. Tell me the site and the limit and I will tell you honestly whether an algae process is worth your time. Sometimes the answer is no, and that answer is free too.

Where I am

Mon 28
Tue 29
Wed 30
AlgaFilm, booth 254Discovery Zone, beside the Innovation Pavilion at Hall B1 booth 251. All three floor days.
Tue 29
10:00
WEF Small Systems CommunityRoom 231, 10:00 to 11:30. Guests welcome, which is not true of most committee meetings.
Mon 28
19:00
MI Night receptionHouse of Blues, 225 Decatur St.
Booth 254Discovery Zone · 28 to 30 Sept
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